Components of urine pdf

Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. World journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. In the urine of a healthy individual, the color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin. Aug 14, 2017 years ago, physicians would taste your urine to check for diabetes. The composition of urine tends to mirror the water needs of the organism. The information from this test might be used to diagnose or rule out diseases based on the.

View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as. With increasing concentrations of urinary protein, a dye indicator tetrabromophenol blue undergoes sequential colour changes from pale green to blue. A dark brown urine may indicate methemoglobinuria or alkaptonuria. The urine electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride are principally used as nutritional indicators in healthy persons. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Renal capsule a layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the kidneys. Further studies have shown that camel urine contains about 10 folds more mineral salts than human urine. Introduction urine is an excretory product of the body. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem. Perhaps, one of the earliest known record of urine test was the technique of pouring urine on the ground and observing whether or not it attracted insects. Nitrogen was mainly 90% present as ammoniacal n, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound. The quantity depends on the water intake, external temperature, the diet and the individuals mental and physical condition. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola.

Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is. To determine the prevalence of urine abnormality in patients. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system. The peaks for these components lie toward the negative electrode, with the. It is not only vital if you have kidney disease, the organ that makes urine, or if you suffer from any disease that involves your urinary tract, but it can also be useful in the detection and. We use cookies to make interactions with our website easy and meaningful, to better. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine researchgate. Inspection of visible components in urine based on deep. Excessive excretion of porphyrins in urine gives rise to pink or brown urine. Cow urine is said to have a spiritual cleansing effect as well.

Renal cortex outer region of the kidneys where most enthrones is located. Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. Urinalysis clinical urine tests components and results. Camel urine urine has an unusual and unique biochemical composition. As far as urine goes, by far the most common component is water. This prompted us to ask whether the urine of this extraordinary animal has anticancer properties. So the components of urine are the things that are put together to make up urine.

Cow urine has a special significance in indian tradition. Inspection of visible components in urine based on deep learning. Abnormal constituents of urine questions and study guide. Discuss at least 4 factors that can increase or decrease specific gravity. We are going to look at urine and break it down into its components. Urine examination helps in the diagnosis of various renal as well as systemic diseases. Camel urine components display anticancer properties in.

Fluorescence spectra of blood and urine components by montaha ahmad althunayan supervised by dr. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very. Components of urine urine chemical compounds scribd. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. They may be associated with disease, injury, or infection of any portion of the renal system.

The average specific gravity of a norma urine sample is between 1. Anatomy of the urinary system kidneys a pair of bean shaped organs located retroperitoneally, responsible for blood filtering and urine formation. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. Urinalysis clinical urine tests components and results see online here urinalysis is the test performed to analyze the physical, chemical and microscopic characteristics of urine. Its main components are normal urea, nacl, kcl, creatinine, uric acid, phosphates. The peaks for these components lie toward the negative electrode, with the gamma peak being closest to that electrode. Biochemical composition of normal urine article pdf available in nature precedings november 2011 with 15,755 reads how we measure reads. Human urine is yellowish in color and variable in chemical composition, but here is a list of its primary components. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents. Urine collection urine is usually collected in a sterile wide mouthed container. There is approximately 95 percent water in urine and the.

Chemical examination of urine 2 confirmatory tests which may be indicated sometimes it may be necessary to measure chemicals in urine other than by the reagent strip methods. The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet, in particular nitrogen content. While it is composed of 91 to 96 percent water, it contains many other components, both solid and liquid. The attraction of insects indicates honey urine which was known to be excreted by people with boils. Abnormal constituents of urine biology for everybody. Saunders ruakura soil and plant research station, ministry of agriculture and fisheries. Your urine should normally be within a specific ph range. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of.

As the fluid passes along the nephron tube, water and useful plasma components such as amino acids, glucose, and other nutrients are. Of course, that is no longer done, but an analysis of your urine is still important. To determine the association of urine abnormality with regard to age and gender. Pale urine has a low specific gravity, a dark line has a high specific gravity. Macroscopic examination chemical analysis sulfosalicylic acid test microscopic examination. Their measured values are not diagnostic of any disease in and of. Furthermore, while human urine is acidic, camel urine is basic with a ph. The urine may be colored green, brown or deep yellow if bile pigments are present in the urine as occurs in posthepatic jaundice. Urine is a liquid byproduct of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Feb 27, 2019 urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. The concentration of urine is highest in the a morning specimen overnight urine. Freshwater animals usually excrete very dilute urine. Macroscopic examination involves observing the characteristics of the urine sample that can be observed by the naked eye. Sometimes, in severe diabetes mellitus, fructose may also be present in urine named as fructosuria.

Jan 28, 2020 urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. Trichomonas is a common cause of vaginitis and is usually indicative of a std. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. The next five components globulins are labeled alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, and gamma.

The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as creatinine and other metabolic waste components. The urine dipstick test is the basic screening test for proteinuria. Urine boundless anatomy and physiology lumen learning. Urine composition and function chemistry libretexts. The other methods are called confirmatory tests because the most common use is to confirm a positive or negative result obtained using the reagent strip. A normal adult excretes daily from ml to 1800 ml of urine. Urine, liquid or semisolid solution of metabolic wastes and certain other, often toxic, substances that the excretory organs withdraw from the circulatory fluids and expel from the body. Urinepromotes basic research, translation and clinical applications in the area of urine, with the aim of improving understanding, screening. Presence of blood or hemoglobin makes the urine smoky or red colored. Abstract the effects of cow urine and equivalent nitrogen, potassium, and sulphur treatments on pasture yield, botanical composition, herbage chemical composition, and n fixation by clovers ere exammd during winter and spring. Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron, which then continues as a highly specialized tubular structure responsible for creating the final urine composition. The components of goats urine include nitrogen and pethylphenylsulphuric acid. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease and the analysis of urine are developed from simple visual examination to the modern automated methods.

Bernard read published in 1925 a paper describing the chemical constituents of camel camelus bactrinus urine. Cow urine has been described as water of life or amrita beverages of immortality, the nectar of the god. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents of urine. The chemical composition of urine varies widely depending upon. Before discussing about the abnormal constituents of urine we must have some idea about the normal constituent of urine. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. Composition of urine normal urine is a yellow fluid.

Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber. Urine will only have a very distinct smell in the case of specific rare diseases. Urine caused a large increase in ryegrass yield, due entirely to its n component. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Explain at least 4 factors that can influence the color of urine. In most mammals, including humans, the formation of urine begins in the nephrons of the kidneys by filtration of blood plasma into the nephron. Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison. King saud university in partial fulfillment of the requirement for. Panchagavya is a combination of cow urine, milk, dung, ghee and curd. Bencejones protein, bile pigments, blood, melanin and so on.

Human urine chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency. B vitamins turn urine an eyepopping neon yellow but. Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a bodys level of hydration, as well as other factors. Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra cellular metabolism generates many byproducts that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Human urine is yellowish in color and variable in chemical composition, but here is. Composition and concentrative properties of huun urine by david f. The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine. After knowing the normality it will be very easy to understand about the abnormal constituents of urine of human beings. In this chapter, our subject experts help you understand the building blocks of urine, different tests used to check urine and the.

The effect on yield lasted 23 harvests and was followed by a decrease in. The presence of rbcs in urine is clinically significant. Chemical composition of cow urine 15 water 95% urea 2. Components of serum protein electrophoresis albumin, the largest peak, lies closest to the positive electrode. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Effects of cow urine and its major constituents on pasture. Human urine chemical composition and fertilizer use.

Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is excreted via the urethra. Explain the significance of the components of a routine urinalysis. There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline. Normally, urine is clear and amber yellow in color due to the presence of urobilin the higher the concentration of urine, the deeper is the color. Today checking sugar in urine is a test to detect diabetes and untreated diabetes still. Laboratory procedure manual centers for disease control. Urine is a liquid byproduct of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Heavy metal concentrations in urine samples were low compared.

Putnam advance biotechnology and power department summary this report defines the composition of typical human urine and presents experimental data on its chemical, physical, engineering, and concentrative properties. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. This lesson covers the amounts of measurable substances in urine and the pigments that determine urine color. Urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. They are infrequently measured in clinical settings, and when they are it is usually in intensivecritical care units. Components of urine chapter summary and learning objectives.